Antioxidant activity was measured based on the ability of the extracts to reduce DPPH free radicals. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were determined by the colorimetric method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. androgynus leaves were extracted using the cold maceration method. androgynus leaves and their antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals. This study aims to determine the effect of pre-extraction procedures, including sample form (fresh/dried), drying process (oven-drying/indirect sunlight-drying/air-drying), and particle size (ground/powdered) on total phenolic and flavonoid levels of ethanolic extracts of S. The pre-extraction preparation can affect the results of extracting compounds from natural materials. It is rich in natural antioxidant compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids.
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